Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Iurisprudentia

Agreements between undertakings under Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

Sergiu Deleanu — 2025-11-24

The notion of agreement between undertakings constitutes a fundamental concept within the provisions of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Starting from the meaning and autonomy of this notion, I have highlighted several consequences arising from it, as well as a series of similarities between this accepted notion and that of concerted practice. Regarding the classification of agreements between undertakings, I focused on agreements which have as their object the prevention, restriction, or distortion of competition and those which do have such an effect, considering their characteristics and the economic and legal aspects that distinguish them.

The cause – instrument for censorship of the validity and effectiveness of the contract

Lăcrămioara-Florina Domide — 2025-11-19

Acest studiu propune să analizeze cauza dintr-o perspectivă funcțională, ca instrument de cenzură a instanțelor de judecată. În prima parte a studiului, vom examina pe scurt prerogativele instanței de a cenzură valabilitatea unui contract în raport cu cauza acestuia. Apoi, pe baza unei decizii recente care tratează raportul dintre cauză și caducitate, vom avea în vedere funcțiile ca instrument al instanței de judecată în aprecierea eficienței contractului prin aplicarea mecanismului legal al caducității. În final, vom încerca să tragem câteva concluzii cu privire la discrepanța dintre ceea ce reglementează actuală definiție drept cauză și realitatea practică, ca instrument folosit de instanțe.

Subiectul este de actualitate având în vedere existența unor sisteme juridice care nu recunosc cauza ca o condiție esențială a valabilității contractului. Prin aceasta, nu se referă la absența cauzei, ci la faptul că, deși este prezentă, nu are nicio relevanță juridică pentru valabilitatea contractului, fiind practic ignorată. O astfel de abordare a fost adoptată recent de sistem de drept civil francez, o sursă importantă de inspirație pentru reglementările Codului civil român.

Persons: a challenge to kelsenian positivism

Andreea Felicia Săsărman — 2025-11-19

An essential, but sometimes subtle, aspect of Kelsen’s theory is the conception of the “person” in law. Far from being a simple biological entity, in Kelsen’s view, the (legal) person acquires a distinct meaning, anchored in the normative structure of the legal order. This article aims to explore the nuances of Kelsen’s theory of the person, revealing the distinction between the natural person and the legal person, if any. Also, this article aims to analyze the implications of this distinction on the process of identifying legal subjects and the content of legal personality.

The practical application of judicial mediation in Hungarian civil proceedings

Noémi Béldi-Turányi — 2025-11-19

Since 1999, the European Union has issued various guidelines to Member States to develop alternative procedures to improve access to justice. As a result, in 2008 the Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters was adopted, allowing Member States to develop rules on mediation in court proceedings. Member States had until 21 May 2011 to transpose the Directive into their national legislation, which the majority of Member States, including Hungary, have done. The study examines the court mediation procedure in Hungary as one of the most prominent instruments of alternative dispute resolution, with special regard to its origin in the European Union, its Hungarian regulation and its integration into civil litigation. Using national statistical data, the research presents the practical functioning and experiences of Hungarian court mediation (2014-2023).